When the Achilles tendon degenerates and become inflamed, the condition is called Achilles tendinosis.  The tendon can swell and may cause pain. This condition is common in athletes, runners and patients who have calf tightness. Achilles tendinosis may occur in the middle of the tendon. This is known as midsubstance Achilles tendinosis. It may also occur at the point where the tendon connects to the heel bone. This is known as insertional Achilles tendinosis.
Many changes can be seen when the Achilles tendon becomes inflamed. Patients have pain and/or tightness in the tendon behind the ankle. Most of the time there is no trauma or injury, but rather a slow progression of pain. Patients may have difficulty climbing stairs or running. Patients may also have pain after sitting for long periods or after sleeping. Many patients will notice a bump either in the tendon (midsubstance Achilles tendinosis) or right behind the heel bone (insertional Achilles tendinosis). Some may also get irritation from shoes rubbing against the bump and feel better when wearing backless shoes. Patients also commonly have less pain while wearing a shoe with a slight heel versus shoes that are flat.
Achilles and calf tightness is a common cause of Achilles tendinosis. In addition, insertional Achilles tendinosis is often associated with a heel bone spur. This spur may rub against the Achilles tendon and lead to breakdown and small tears. It is similar to a rope being rubbed against a sharp rock. This is also known as Haglund’s Syndrome. Pain and swelling occur as the cumulative effects of chronic wear and tear on the tendon.
A thorough history is taken and an examination is performed. Patients will usually have pain right on the tendon or at the back of the heel. They may also have swelling and thickening of the tendon. X-rays may be taken to see if there are any bone spurs.  An MRI or ultrasound may also be performed to further evaluate how much of the tendon is affected and to look for any tears.
Treatment depends on the length and severity of the symptoms. Many patients improve without surgery. Rest and oral medications may help reduce the swelling and pain. Heel cups can improve pain by taking some of the stress off of the Achilles tendon when walking. A walking boot or other brace may be recommended.
Often formal physical therapy is recommended to work on stretching and improve mobility within the calf muscle.  Other treatments may include ultrasound, massage, shockwave therapy and topical nitroglycerin patches. Recently, platelet rich plasma has been discussed as a treatment for Achilles tendinosis. This involves taking one’s own blood and isolating growth factors that are involved in healing. This serum is then injected into the inflamed tendon.
Stem Cell International’s treatments could potentially help your Achilles Tendinosis, please call us today to schedule a FREE consultation to see if you are a candidate.